There are two types of motivation: intrinsic and extrinsic. Intrinsic motivation occurs when you do a task without any external incentives. Extrinsic motivation occurs when you’re offered a reward for doing the task (or a punishment if you don’t do it!). For example, it occurs when you’re so passionate about sports that you go and […]
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Knowles’ concept of andragogy, developed in the late 1970s and 1980s, put forward the idea that adults have different learning needs to students. He postulated, based on personal experience rather than empirical data, several key principles of adult learning. These included the ideas that adults need autonomy, desire self-directed learning, are intrinsically motivated, are problem-oriented
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Student-Centered Learning Examples 1. Classroom Debate Competition In a class brainstorming session, students generate a list of topics they would like to debate. One student writes the suggestions on the board and then guides the formation of pro and con debate teams. Students choose which topics they want to debate and if they want to
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Differentiated instruction involves varying the ways a lesson is taught so that it meets the individual needs of students.
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Differentiation in the classroom is a teaching strategy that involves varying lessons to meet all students’ needs. You can differentiate lessons in 4 ways.
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Benefits of play based learning include: (1) Cognitive development in authentic contexts (2) Social development (3) Language development. Challenges include: (1) Dangers of physical play (2) Parental disagreement.
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Descriptive research involves gathering data to provide a detailed account or depiction of a phenomenon without manipulating variables or conducting experiments. A scholarly definition is: “Descriptive research is defined as a research approach that describes the characteristics of the population, sample or phenomenon studied. This method focuses more on the “what” rather than the “why” of
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Basic research is research that focuses on expanding human knowledge, without obvious practical applications. For a scholarly definition, we can turn to Grimsgaard (2023): “Basic research, also called pure, theoretical or fundamental research, tends to focus more on ‘big picture’ topics, such as increasing the scientific knowledge base around a particular topic.” It is contrasted
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Applied research is research intended to solve specific and practical problems faced by the researcher and their shareholders. Grimsgaard (2023) defines it below: “Applied research tends to drill down more toward solving specific problems that affect people in the here and now.” It is contrasted to basic research, which is research for its own sake.
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In international political theory, hard power and soft power are two different means by which nations can further their geopolitical goals. Here is the basic difference: While soft power is considered the ideal means because it exacts less of an economic and human toll, hard power is ultimately most effective in influencing others, so long
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