Orientalism is a way of conceiving & representing the Eastern World in a stereotypical, exotic, and patronizing way by the Western World. Originally, the term referred to the study of Eastern culture by Western scholars. However, after the publication of Edward Said’s Orientalism (1978), the term acquired its contemporary meaning. Orientalism manifests itself in various […]
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Rote memorization is the process of learning something through repetition and practice. It involves repeating information over and over again until it becomes firmly embedded in one’s memory. This type of memorization bypasses any understanding or reasoning, as one needs to remember the facts without necessarily understanding them. For example, if someone were to learn
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The method of loci is a mnemonic device commonly used for improving memory and learning. It involves picturing objects within a familiar physical space or mental image and using this to recall information more easily. By leveraging spatial memory’s power, this method enables individuals to better remember and access information by connecting it with familiar
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Memory linking is a mnemonic technique used in psychology to improve memory recall. It is also called the link method. It involves creating a mental connection or association between items or pieces of information in a sequence or list. By linking the items together using vivid mental images, stories, or emotions, individuals can more easily
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The either-or fallacy occurs when someone is presented with only two options and must choose one. The two options appear to be mutually exclusive. However, additional logical analysis can reveal a third, or more options. It is sometimes referred to as a false dichotomy or a false dilemma. The fallacy is based on a
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The peg word system is a mnemonic technique used to help people hold information in working memory. It works by associating ideas or facts with a sequence of numbers or words that are easier to remember. This system relies on using concrete “pegs” (words) as anchors for abstract ones you want to remember. For example,
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Anecdotal evidence refers to when information regarding a phenomenon, activity, or event comes from direct experience or opinions of individuals. Anecdotal evidence is often shared organically through conversation, such as with old wives’ tales, and may become more credible when people attest to it. People can be easily influenced by anecdotal accounts and will often
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The term empirical evidence refers to the attainment of knowledge through observation, measurement, or experimentation (also known as empiricism). It is accumulated through systematic observations of phenomena in natural or laboratory setting. One of the key standards of empirical evidence in academic research is that the results can be tested and verified by others. This
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The social responsibility norm states that a person should help others when they are in need. This act of helping does not contain an expectation of reward or reciprocity. The act of helping is due to a sense of obligation that is often rooted in morality or religious orientation. People in positions of power or
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Secondary research is the analysis, summary or synthesis of already existing published research. Instead of collecting original data, as in primary research, secondary research involves data or the results of data analyses already collected. It is generally published in books, handbooks, textbooks, articles, encyclopedias, websites, magazines, literature reviews and meta-analyses. These are usually referred to
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