Emergent norm theory explains how, in times of crisis, conventional norms are replaced by new norms that dictate collective behavior. For example, after a major natural disaster (say a hurricane), the usual norms of social behavior are no longer valid. Now, people will find new ways to act in the situation, which can include actions […]
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A fixed mindset is a mentality that you’re incapable of personal development and skill improvement, no matter how hard you try. People with fixed mindsets engage in deterministic thinking where they assume people have innate abilities and talents rather than abilities that are developed over time. The fixed mindset concept is contrasted to the concept
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Motivational interviewing is a therapeutic approach from counseling and psychology that aims to enhance a client’s intrinsic motivation. The four key principles of motivational interviewing are remembered through the acronym RULE (Haque & D’Souza, 2019): resist the righting reflect, understand the client’s motivations, lisen with empathy, and empower the client (explained later in this article).
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A megalopolis is a cluster of two or more adjacent metropolitan areas. A megapolis example is Brooklyn and New York City which have merged into one continuous, connected economic area. These urban areas are connected through common styles of transport, economy, resources, etc. Although the constituent metropolises retain their identities, they collaborate through coordinating policies
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Motivation refers to the underlying cause of any human action. In psychology, all human actions are seen to have a base cause, or motivation, that explain why we choose to do what we do. We often create a hierarchy of motivations, whereby intrinsic motivation (the desire to do the task for the value of the
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Performance goals refer to goals that are focused on a clearly-defined result or output, often known as a key performance indicator. In achievement goal theory, we often differentiate performance goals from development or mastery goals: Performance goals are regularly used when setting out a project, in workplace performance reviews, and in personal performance reviews. Examples
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Development goals refer to goals that are focused on improving personal knowledge and skills. The key feature of development goals is that they are not concerned with an externalized objective like a certificate or financial outcome. Rather, the focus “is on the discovery of effective strategies or processes to attain desired results.” In other words,
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Higher-order thinking questions are questions that you can ask in order to stimulate thinking that requires significant knowledge mastery and data manipulation. Generally, higher-order thinking involves thinking from the top 3 levels of bloom’s taxonomy: analysis, evaluation, and knowledge creation. The term “higher-order” is used because these forms of thinking require strong command of information
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Negative rights are rights that restrict others from interfering with your life, liberty, and property. They are a core principle of liberalism. These are known as “negative” rights because they require others to refrain from doing certain actions. For example, the right to privacy requires others to not invade your private space or access personal
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Hedonism is a philosophical school of thought suggesting that pleasure and enjoyment should be the highest goals in life. It is based on the belief that pleasure and happiness are the only intrinsic goods, meaning they are valuable regardless of any other factors. Hedonism holds that the pursuit of pleasure should make up the majority
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