Qualitative research is a research methodology that involves gathering non-numerical empirical data for in-depth and contextualized analysis. It is one of two main categories of research methodologies, the other being quantitative research. While quantitative research is effective in identifying trends and facts (the ‘what?’), qualitative studies attempt to understand underlying reasons why something might be […]
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Continuous development in developmental psychology is the idea that a person’s mental, physical, emotional, and social abilities gradually unfold over time. This process typically starts at birth and can continue into adulthood. However, one’s growth rate may fluctuate during different stages of life. As an illustration, when an infant is born they are almost completely
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Discontinuous development is a concept that proposes that growth and development occur in a series of sudden shifts or “leaps.” This means that individuals may move from one stage of development to another abruptly, often without any warning or indications of progressive change. For example, a child may have been struggling with forming simple sentences
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Communication can be separated into many different categories or ‘types’. Generally, we categorize it into the four main mediums of communication: verbal, nonverbal, written, and visual. However, we can also look at other ways to distil communication into categories, such as: informal vs formal, synchronous vs asynchronous, and intrapersonal vs interpersonal. Below, each of the
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Metacommunication is a type of communication that takes place when participants in a conversation comment on or provide context for the content being discussed. It typically occurs as a secondary form of communication following, and often influencing, the primary message or statement. This form of communication enables both parties to understand how to interpret and
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The nature vs. nurture debate is the long-standing argument over whether heredity (nature) or environment (nurture) plays a greater role in developing human characteristics and behaviors. Nature refers to the biological characteristics we are born with, including genetic predispositions toward certain traits. In contrast, nurture includes external influences that shape us, such as culture, relationships,
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A learned behavior is a behavior that is not natural but rather developed through socialization. Most behaviors, besides basic animalistic instincts, are learned from somewhere or someone. For example, even going to the bathroom is a learned behavior. You don’t see monkeys getting on a toilet, do you? As we grow older, we learn additional
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Associative learning defines a learning situation when two stimuli become linked. The elements of one stimulus then become associated with the second stimulus. For example, a dog comes to associate you opening the cupboard with dinner and dinner time. Even when you open the cupboard not to feed the dog, it still comes running and
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Avoidance learning is a learning process in which a person or animal learns to avoid a negative stimulus. For example, cows may learn that an electric fence will cause a shock so, to avoid being shocked, they will walk the long way around the fence to get to their food. By engaging in an adaptive
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Centration refers to the child only being able to focus their attention on one aspect of an object or situation. Usually, whichever attribute of the object is the most salient will attract the child’s focus and influence their judgment. For example, imagine a scenario where a father presents his child with two slices of pizza
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