Partial reinforcement is a schedule in which the desired target behavior is rewarded only some of the time. A partial or “intermittent” schedule tends to be more resistant to extinction than a continuous reinforcement schedule. For example, if a child expects a gift every time they get an A on their homework, they may lose […]
Partial Reinforcement: Examples and Definition (Psychology) Read More »
Emotion-focused coping refers to strategies to manage stress that involve emotional regulation. The goal of emotion-focused coping is to reduce or eliminate the negative feelings brought about by a psychosocial stressor. For example, an emotion-focused approach might involve journaling, reframing, meditating, and exercising in order to regulate our emotions. That’s in juxtaposition to a problem-focused
Emotion-Focused Coping: 10 Examples and Definition Read More »
Problem-focused coping refers to stress management strategies to deal with stress that involves directly confronting the source of stress to eliminate or decrease its impact. This can involve developing a more constructive way of interpreting life events, formulating an action plan to build stress management skills, or modifying personal habits. For example, a person who
Problem-Focused Coping: 10 Examples and Definition Read More »
Terminal/intrinsic values are the ultimate ends or goals that we wish to achieve. For example, happiness is a goal that is universally desired. Terminal values are desirable in and of themselves. So, we don’t say we “want happiness for these 5 reasons”; instead, we simply say we “want to be happy” because it’s the goal.
Terminal Values: 10 Examples and Definition Read More »
Interdependence refers to the connection between two or more individuals or entities where they depend on each other to attain a common objective. If two or more individuals or entities rely on each other, the outcome of one will affect the outcome of the other. For example, let’s take trade between two countries is often
10 Interdependence Examples Read More »
Sensitization is a psychological process where repeated exposure to an event or stimulus leads to increasingly intense psychological or physiological responses. Both animals and humans can experience this phenomenon, which is marked by a heightened sensitivity or responsiveness towards the same stimulus over time. For example, someone who has repeatedly experienced trauma may become increasingly
Sensitization in Psychology: 10 Examples and Definition Read More »
The Premack principle involves offering a pleasurable incentive in exchange for completing an unpleasurable task. It’s also known as the “Grandma’s Law of Reinforcement” based on the idea that grandma offers icecream if you eat your vegetables! In more scholarly language, we say: if a person chooses to do something less likely (less probable) to
Premack Principle: 10 Examples and Definition Read More »
Generalization is a concept of psychology that deals with learning and behavior. It refers to the process whereby information or responses learned in one particular context can be applied to others. For example, suppose a person learns to open a door by turning the handle left. In that case, they will likely do it whenever
Generalization (Psychology): 10 Examples and Definition Read More »
Instrumental values are the means to achieve some other desirable ends/goals. These values are used to guide behavior and actions. Here, sociologists make a distinction between two types of values: Definition of Instrumental Values Julia Driver defines the concept in the following way: “Instrumental value refers to the value that something has as a means
Instrumental Values: 10 Examples and Definition Read More »
Autoethnography is a research method that combines ethnography and autobiography. It involves studying oneself by using research methods and theory to reflect on personal narratives. Feature Definition Methods Autobiography The development of one’s own narrative about their life, identity, past, and present. – Journalling about oneself. – Writing down memories and personal reactions to those
Autoethnography: 10 Examples & Definition Read More »
