Internal attribution refers to situations where a person attributes the causes of their behavior to something within themselves, such as attitude, disposition, or skills. In attribution theory, we consider internal and external attributions to be two opposite ends of a spectrum: For example, in a performance appraisal, a person might claim that their performance was […]
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Traditional media consists of all forms of communication used before the internet age, including radio, TV, newspapers, magazines, and billboards. These media paved the way for today’s digital environment but were largely superseded by the affordances of the digital era. Nevertheless, they also came with their own set of strengths, such as their strong ability
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Democracy is a form of government where the people have the power to make decisions through either direct or representative means. At its essence, it’s all about giving citizens a say in how their country is run. Democracy can trace its roots back to Ancient Greece, but it wasn’t until the 18th century during the
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The free rider problem is a situation in which someone or some group enjoys the benefits of something without contributing to its production. In other words, it arises when people take advantage of public resources and services without paying for them – as no one can be excluded from these goods/services regardless if they have
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An echo chamber is an ecosystem where individuals only encounter views that they agree with. It refers to a closed system in which individuals never hear anything that contradicts or speaks negatively of their beliefs. This leads to confirmation bias, a phenomenon where the beliefs of the participants get further reinforced, ultimately leading to a
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Cultural divergence refers to the phenomenon where distinct cultures evolve and separate over time, taking different paths in terms of beliefs and values. This can occur as a result of factors including geographical seclusion, social, and technological change. Cultural divergence often results in the development of unique beliefs, practices, and traditions that differentiate one culture
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Affirmative action refers to policies designed to support and favor disadvantaged groups. A common example of affirmative action is exclusively hiring disadvantaged groups for new positions in a workplace. Affirmative action can create positive change where it improves income equality, access to opportunities like employment and education, and addresses subtle but pervasive institutional discrimination. However,
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Dysfunction in sociology refers to a situation when something does not contribute positively to the maintenance of society and instead causes disharmony. For example, when a family becomes abusive (instead of providing love & care), then it is said to be dysfunctional. Social dysfunctions can have various causes, but they primarily arise because society is
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In cognitive psychology, divided attention refers to situations where a person is attempting to engage in two or more tasks simultaneously. While ‘divided attention’ might have a neutral or even negative connotation, the term ‘multitasking’ refers to the same phenomenon with a more positive spin. We use divided attention when we drive and talk, study
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Transhumanism is a philosophical and intellectual movement that aims to enhance human abilities using technology. It advocates that we can use technology to push the physical and cognitive limits of what it means to be “human”. For example, currently, being human means that we can expect to live about 70-80 years. Transhumanism believes that we
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