A functional region is a region that has a central node upon which everything in the region is reliant. We call it a functional region because the region is designed based upon a functional, rather than political, purpose. Examples of central nodes around which a region exists include airports, hospitals, radio towers, and city centers. […]
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Formal regions in human geography are regions that are distinct and agreed upon by everyone through either political or scientific means. Usually, national or international bodies have legally acknowledged the regions and they may even be drawn out on a map with clear boundaries. We sometimes also call them ‘uniform regions’. This is because there
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Vernacular regions are regions that are informal and colloquial. They’re the opposite of formal regions which are politically or scientifically defined. Examples of vernacular regions include the bible belt, silicon valley, and the midwest. These regions are not formal or have clearly set political boundaries. Rather, they exist in the popular imagination. Vernacular regions generally
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The five themes of geography are location, place, region, movement, and human-environmental interaction. The human-environmental interaction theme was originally called “relationships within places”, and movement was first known as “relationships between places”. The five themes were first introduced in the 1984 Guidelines for Geographic Education: Elementary and Secondary Schools. The document suggested the themes as
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Root cause analysis (RCA) is a problem-solving approach that helps to uncover the underlying causes of an issue or nonconformance to avoid its reoccurrence. It’s an organized way of addressing issues and seeking out why they happened, not just what occurred and how. By pinpointing the root cause of any problem, appropriate corrective actions can
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Intermittent reinforcement is a schedule of rewards for certain behaviors or responses but without any predictable pattern. In other words, the reward comes periodically, not every time it’s performed. Rather than bestowing a reward each time an individual exhibits certain behavior, intermittent reinforcement awards the same action at random intervals, which can sustain suspense and prevent
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External attribution is a psychological concept that explains how individuals interpret and attribute the causes of events or behaviors to external factors outside of themselves. People with an external attribution blame and fixate on environmental or situational factors that are beyond their control, such as luck, chance, and societal norms. For example, if an athlete
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The concept of checks and balances is commonly used in liberal democractic societies to curtail the excesses of power. This principle is meant to prevent any one branch of government from becoming too powerful. One branch of government is said to “check” the power of another branch. A balance of power is thereby achieved. This
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Research methodologies can roughly be categorized into three group: quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods. Below are research methodologies that fit into each category. Note from the Editor: Methodologies are not Methods. A methodology is a broad approach to data collection, whereas the methods are the exact tools used for data extraction. For example, ‘case study’ and
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The anxious-avoidant attachment style is characterized by a fear of intimacy and emotional closeness, leading to discomfort in relationships and a tendency to maintain emotional distance. Attachment refers to an affectional bond between an individual and an attachment figure such as a parent or loved one. This affectional bond is characterized by a tendency to
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