A gatekeeper is a person who controls access, opportunity, or power. The gatekeeper’s role is to discriminate and filter candidates. In many cases, gatekeepers are responsible for keeping out people considered undesirable or dangerous. For example, security guards at a building entrance are acting as gatekeepers, keeping out intruders and protecting the people inside. In […]
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Regions represent one of the five themes of human geography. We generally classify regions into three types. These are: formal, functional, and perceptual regions. Firstly, a formal region is formally recognized and often has a clearly delineated boundary that everyone agrees upon. For example, a nation-state is a formal region. Secondly, a functional region is
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Mass media is any of the many forms of media that enable communication to the masses. Examples include television, radio, newspaper, and podcasts. It was widely used in the 19th and 20th Centuries for governments and media moguls to communicate the same information to a broad population. According to cultural theorists like Benedict Anderson, it
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Stimulus discrimination refers to the ability to identify a specific stimulus and respond in a specific way, while also discerning that it is different to similar but different stimuli. The concept of stimulus discrimination comes from the story of Pavlov’s dog. When the dog heard the sound of a bell, it was given food shortly
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Functional fixedness refers to rigidity in problem-solving, characterized by a tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions. For example, if presented with a hammer, most people would think only of using it as a tool for driving nails. This tendency can limit a person’s problem-solving ability because it can prevent
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A subsequent boundary is a political boundary that was created after two groups have already settled there. This type of boundary is often used to separate different groups of people based on their ethnicity or cultural background, and so it is often also called an ethnographic boundary. It’s often established to reduce tensions between two
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An antecedent boundary is a political boundary that existed before the land was populated by the current inhabitants. For example, the boundary between the USA and Canada was drawn by the colonizers before they colonized North America. This is the opposite of a subsequent boundary, which is drawn after a territory has been populated. Whereas
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An internal stakeholder is anyone who has a direct interest in you or your organization. The stakeholder will be directly affected by the success or failure of the organization. Common examples of internal stakeholders in companies are senior management, project sponsors, and project team members. In the education system, you might look toward teachers, students,
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Informal norms are the unwritten rules that govern social behavior. They are passed down from one generation to the next and are often based on cultural traditions. While they are not written into law, they are still important in shaping our social interactions. They are often juxtaposed with another type of norm called formal norms.
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A mixed economy is an economic system in which both the private sector and the public sector play a role in the production and distribution of goods and services. Mixed economies have some combination of government-owned enterprises (such as healthcare, education, and infrastructure) and private enterprises (such as manufacturing, agriculture, and retail businesses). This economic
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