Concurrent validity is a type of validity measure in social sciences research. It offers a way of establishing a test’s validity by comparing it to another similar test that is known to be valid. If the two tests correlate, then the new study is believed to also be valid. The term “concurrent” means ‘simultaneous’. Both […]
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Criterion validity is a type of validity that examines whether scores on one test are predictive of performance on another. For example, if employees take an IQ text, the boss would like to know if this test predicts actual job performance. To make that determination, a correlation is calculated between the IQ scores and a
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Face validity refers to whether a measurement appears to assess the thing it is supposed to assess. The key term here is “appears.” The question it poses is: “Does the test look like it measures what it has been designed to measure?” This type of validity evaluation is subjective and usually conducted by people that
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The water in your dream often represents your emotions, and the fact that it is overflowing is symbolic of them becoming too powerful. Perhaps you are overwhelmed by them and struggling, or perhaps they have already begun to spill out and affect your life and behavior around others. More specific dreams about overflowing water can
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While most people recommend applying to 4-6 graduate programs, I completely disagree. In my opinion, the magic number is 9. Grad schools are competitive, and if you don’t get accepted to any, by the time you find out, you will probably have missed the application deadline for most programs. That means you have to sit-out
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The American Dream was a term first coined by James Truslow Adams in his 1931 book Epic of America. It was a phrase that encapsulated a concept which many Americans since the pioneers have aspired to achieve. Some examples of the American Dream include social mobility, the opportunity to start a family or business, and
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Irony is a commonly used literary device and a component of storytelling. On a broad level, irony occurs when the opposite of what we expect to happen in any given situation is what ends up occurring. The most common types of irony in literature and storytelling are: Situational irony, Dramatic irony, and Verbal irony. There
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Object permanence is the term for when a baby understands that an object still exists even though they can no longer see it. The concept was first identified by Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget (1954) as part of his theory on stages of cognitive development. When a child understands that an object still exists, even though
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Proactive interference occurs when previously learned information disrupts learning new information. For example, you might struggle to remember your new phone number because your mind automatically goes back to your old phone number every time. This can happen during either the acquisition or retrieval stage. Information already in memory can both: In both cases, we’ll
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The simplest example of retroactive inference is when you forget your old phone number shortly after you have memorized your new one. Retroactive interference is when new information being encoded into memory disrupts our ability to recall already stored information. This can happen when there is a great deal of similarity between the two sets
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