Discriminant validity is a way of validifying research that involves demonstrating that one scale is unrelated to other scales. It helps researchers to discriminate between two scales. The term “discriminant validity” was first used by Campbell and Fiske (1959) and more clearly defined later as a “…test [should] not correlate too highly with measures from […]
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A predictor variable is used to predict the occurrence and/or level of another variable, called the outcome variable. A researcher will measure both variables in a scientific study and then use statistical software to determine if the predictor variable is associated with the outcome variable. If there is a strong correlation, we say the predictor
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A lifestyle is a “way of life”, reflecting the range of habits, norms, rules, rituals, and behaviors that make up a person’s daily activities. While a mainstream lifestyle is dictated by dominant culture, cultural norms, and conveniences of modern living, many people choose alternative lifestyles. Alternative lifestyle choices can be as simple as the weekend
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Observation is the act of noting or detecting a phenomenon through the senses, often resulting in raw data or factual information. Inference is the process of drawing a conclusion or making a judgment based on those observations, often involving reasoning beyond the immediate data. So, while observations offer raw data, your inferences allow you to
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For affiliative leaders, achieving project goals is still important, but ensuring that employees feel respected and appreciated is also a priority. When work responsibilities and task demands can be stressful, the affiliative leader knows the value of helping their employees be successful. They work hard to build teamwork and cohesion among team members, which not
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Conflict resolution refers to the process of bringing a conflict to an end in a fair, equitable, or mutually agreeable way. It’s central in a range of jobs, including social work, counselling, and diplomacy. There are a range of frameworks, skills, and strategies that can be used to resolve conflict resolution, which I’ll explain below.
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Problem-solving is a process where you’re tasked with identifying an issue and coming up with the most practical and effective solution. This indispensable skill is necessary in several aspects of life, from personal relationships to education to business decisions. Problem-solving aptitude boosts rational thinking, creativity, and the ability to cooperate with others. It’s also considered
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Assertiveness is a communication style that allows you to express your feelings, thoughts, and beliefs in an open, honest, and direct way, all while respecting the rights and beliefs of others. Being assertive will enable you to express dissenting opinions, deal with conflicts, and clarify misunderstandings. However, being assertive can sometimes go too far, especially
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An independent variable (IV) is what is manipulated in a scientific experiment to determine its effect on the dependent variable (DV). By varying the level of the independent variable and observing associated changes in the dependent variable, a researcher can conclude whether the independent variable affects the dependent variable or not. This can provide very
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Naturalistic observation is a data collection method that involves observing behavior as it occurs in a natural environment. It is a common methodology in psychology and anthropology. The main idea is to see how people or animals act in their natural habitat, as opposed to a research laboratory. This will give researchers insights into a
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