A bureaucratic leadership style is characterized by strict adherence to structured procedures and the organizational hierarchy. Power and authority are determined by placement in the organizational chart, which results in a clear chain of command for decision-making. Industries that are stable, highly regulated, or dangerous, need to apply a bureaucratic leadership style to ensure that […]
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A prototype refers to a mental representation of a concept that is the most typical example of that concept. People rely on prototypes to make the categorization of newly introduced concepts easier. If an individual needed to form a new category for every concept encountered, then storage in memory word be chaotic and overwhelming. The
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Jungian Archetypes Examples 1. The mother / caregiver This archetype embodies the capacity to nurture. It is the part of the collective unconscious that seeks to help others through a kind of “maternal instinct.” For example, we all know someone that just cannot pass by a stray dog without trying to take them in. They
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Controlled processing is the term used for cognitive activities that are intentionally activated and require conscious awareness. To perform novel or difficult tasks involves controlled processing. For example, individuals are using controlled processing when engaged in problem-solving.First, several possible solutions must be generated. Then, a thorough analysis of factors that may facilitate or hinder the
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Operant Conditioning Examples 1. Animal Training Desired Behavior: Sit, Lay Down, FetchReward or Punishment: Treats Operant conditioning is commonly used to train animals. Whether it is your dog at home or a domesticated wild animal being used in a movie, operant conditioning is key to getting the animal to do what you want. For example,
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Examples of Classical Conditioning in Everyday Life 1. A Dog Learns a Leash Means Going for a Walk Many dog owners will use a leash whenever they take their dog for a walk. After a short while, the dog has learned to going outside means wearing the leash. From the dog’s perspective, leash equals going
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Both classical conditioning and operant conditioning are theories of learning. Each theory identifies how organisms learn and how that learning changes their behavior. Classical conditioning says that organisms learn by association. Discerning associations between events that occur contiguously then produces changes in behavior. For example, a dog may realize that every time its owner opens
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Active listening is a technique that involves processing the speaker’s words, absorbing their meaning intently and responding thoughtfully. It also involves carefully observing the speaker’s nonverbal cues to enhance understanding their statements. By engaging in active listening, it demonstrates a deep interest in the speaker’s thoughts and feelings instead of just passively listening to what
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Interpersonal intelligence refers to the ability to understand, communicate, and develop harmonious relations with other human beings. Individuals with high levels of interpersonal intelligence can be sensitive to other’s people’s moods and motivations, and often show compassion and kindness. Interpersonal intelligence is one of Gardner’s 8 types of multiple intelligences. Examples of famous people with
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The pacesetting leadership style is characterized by being very results-oriented, with an emphasis on setting clear goals and achieving high standards of performance. Work teams are expected to function with little oversight and be internally motivated. When an organization is operating in a highly competitive industry, a pacesetting leadership style can be extremely beneficial. Projects
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