Fluid intelligence is the ability to solve newly encountered problems based on logic and reason. It is the opposite of crystallized intelligence which involves stored intelligence based on experience and wisdom. An example of fluid intelligence is the ability to solve a puzzle in a computer game by using lateral and divergent thinking. Fluid Intelligence […]
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Crystallized intelligence refers to the knowledge and skills a person develops throughout their lifespan. People use crystallized intelligence when recalling facts or applying skills they have acquired in the past. It is the opposite of fluid intelligence, which is the ability to solve newly encountered problems based on logic and reason. Crystallized Intelligence Definition Crystallized
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Hirschi’s Social Bond Theory is a criminology theory developed by Travis Hirschi in the late 1960s. It suggests that individuals are less likely to engage in criminal activities when they are connected to society, and have strong attachments to family, school, and work. The theory states that individuals will choose to obey the law when
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Rationalization refers to society’s shift from reliance on traditions and emotions towards reliance on rationality and science. The process of rationalization is closely linked to Enlightenment and modern capitalism. In sociology, this concept is developed by Weber, who identified rationalization as a key element of modern Western societies, guided by the ‘Protestant Ethics’ valuing hard
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Social Control Theory argues that individuals will engage in criminal or deviant behavior if they are not controlled. While social control is a prominent concept in social sciences, the criminological theory of social control is based on Travis Hirschi’s ideas (Hirschi, 1969; Pratt et al., 2010). According to Hirschi, individuals who have strong social bonds
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Economic capital is a term used to describe the amount of monetary or exchange value a person possesses. Money, stocks, real estate, artworks, and material possessions are all examples of economic capital. It is a form of capital distinct from natural, cultural, and social capital because it reflects tangible value that can be transferred in
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Concrete Operational Stage Examples 1. Seriation Seriation refers to the child’s ability to arrange objects in sequence, such as from smallest to largest or hardest to softest. As long as the child can see the physical objects, then they can perform this type of task without great difficulty, but will need to concentrate fully. For
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Preoperational Stage Examples 1. Engaging in Symbolic Play Children in the preoperational stage use objects to represent other things while playing. For example, a child might use a stick as a sword or a block as a car (as shown in picture). This type of play shows their growing ability to think symbolically. It’s a
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School culture refers to the policies, interpersonal dynamics, attitudes, customs, and formal and informal rules of behavior within a school. School culture involves administrators, teachers, staff, and students. It has a tremendous impact on the functioning and effectiveness of the school. In many ways, the informal rules of behavior and the interpersonal dynamics of a
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Self-determination is when a person makes their own decisions regarding their life and how it is managed. Decisions are guided by internal factors such as internal motivation, internal locus of control, and personal drive. External factors and pressures do not affect those choices. There is also a theory of human motivation called self-determination theory postulated
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