Self-discipline is the ability to control your own behavior. It is especially useful when you need to do things that are difficult or unpleasant. Examples of self-discipline include delaying gratification, controlling one’s impulses, and carrying out actions despite feeling discouraged. Self-discipline also requires resistance to temptations and determination in the long term. Self-Discipline Examples 1. […]
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Impulse refers to a person’s base inner drive or temptation. It is the urge we have before we apply impulse control which restrains these urges. For instance, we may have the impulse to cry, have an emotional outburst, laugh out loud, spend money we shouldn’t, and eat that cake! Impulsive behavior was a central concept
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We generally divide inference into two types: inductive and deductive. Inductive inference refers to the ability to make generalizations from specific observations, while deductive inference refers to coming to specific conclusions from a set of general premises. But there are other types of inference, too, that come from academic disciplines as diverse as philosophy, cognitive
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The id is one of three parts of the mind, according to Sigmund Freud’s largely debunked psychoanalytic theory of personality. The other two are the ego and the superego. The Id represents the instinctual, most primitive component of the personality, containing all inherited biological drives such as hunger, sex, and aggression. Unlike the superego, the
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The author’s purpose of a text refers to why they wrote the text. It;s important to know the author’s purpose for a range of reasons, including: Below are a range of possible purposes that authors may have when writing texts. Author’s Purpose Examples 1. To Inform Common Text Genres: News articles, Research papers, Textbooks, Biographies,
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Overt behaviors are actions which are visible and can be seen directly, such as physical movements and verbal statements. Psychologists can compare behaviors in two broad buckets: overt and covert. Covert behaviors are hidden actions and processes that occur inside the mind and cannot be directly observed by others. Overt behaviors are visible and measurable.
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Covert behaviors are actions that cannot be observed directly. A covert behavior can only be inferred by an observer or reported by the person under study. Psychologists can compare behaviors in two broad buckets: overt and covert. Covert behaviors are hidden actions and processes that occur inside the mind and cannot be directly observed by
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Counterconditioning is a therapeutic technique that replaces an undesired response or behavior with a more positive or desired response through principles of behavioral conditioning. It is primarily based on the principles of classical conditioning (Pavlov, 1927). Counterconditioning is often used in systematic desensitization in the treatment of phobias and anxiety, in aversion therapy to reduce
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Contingent reinforcement is when a positive stimulus is provided following a specific desired behavior. For example, a contingent reinforcement for doing your chores is receiving pocket money. In some cases, it can also mean the removal of an aversive stimulus following a specific behavior (causing a sensation of relief). The intention is to make it
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Nudge theory posits that by shaping the environment, we can increase the likelihood of individuals choosing one option over another. Nudging aims to “gently push or touch” someone in a particular direction. This may be with the aim of helping the individual and society; but in marketing, it’s used to nudge consumers into making purchases.
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