Positive consequences are the rewarding results of a behavior deemed desirable. When an individual’s behavior is followed by a positive consequence, then the person is more likely to exhibit that behavior again. Of course, this is the opposite of negative consequences, in which the result of a specific behavior is unpleasant or aversive. Behavior that […]
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A cross-sectional study is a research methodology that involves collecting data on a sample of individuals at one specific point in time. The researcher(s) will collect data on various factors, all at the one time, and observe how those variables are related to other factors. In this type of study, researchers do not manipulate any
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A cross-sectional study is a research study that collects data at one specific point in time. It enables researchers to compare and study sub-cohorts within the cohort of people studied, but cannot identify changes in variables over time. The biggest advantage of a cross-sectional study is that it can develop descriptive statistics about sampling groups,
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Distributive justice is an approach to social justice that concerns itself with the distribution of goods, resources, power, wealth, and other resources throughout society. This approach aims for a society where all people have fair access to resources. Often, it requires redistribution, where people who have amassed great resources return those resources to society in
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Text features refer to the organizational and structural elements of a text that generally help with navigating and meaning-making. There are common text features that span most fiction and non-fiction genres, like the title, subheading, table of contents, captions and images. Then, there are additional text features of specific genre-texts, such as hyperlinks within digital
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Idealism refers to a personality trait where someone always strives for perfection and betterment, even if it seems unrealistic. Idealistic people tend to have personality traits such as a strong moral compass, optimism in the face of adversity, a commitment to making a difference, and the pursuit of a better world. Idealism is also seen
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Justice refers to fairness based on a moral, political, or ideological framework. But because there are different ways of thinking about fairness and how to achieve it, there emerge many different approaches to justice. While some people see justice as being achieved through punishment, others think justice is about repayment for damages. Here, we already
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Inductive coding is a qualitative data analysis method used to develop themes from a text such as an interview transcript. It’s the most common data analysis method used by my research students. This blog post will give you everything you need to write your own research methods section on inductive coding. In your data analysis
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The superego is one of three parts of the mind according to Sigmund Freud. It is the part of the mind that attempts to impose morality, adherence to social norms, and a desire for perfection. In Freud’s theory of personality, the mind has three components: the id, ego, and superego. The id represents base impulses,
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Self-regulation is the ability to control one’s emotions and behavior. That can include being able to control our thoughts, impulses, and even instinctual drives like our appetite and sexual urges. When faced with a stressful situation, or one that could make us angry, some people are able to convert their initial reaction into a more
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