Cultural values are the key principles or morals that underpin a cultural group. They may be based on religion, tradition, philosophy, collective memory, and custom. Examples of cultural values include respect for elders, family values, individualism, and egalitarianism. Cultural values are passed on from one generation to another, which ensures continuity of traditions within a group […]
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Conservative values are based on a desire to preserve traditions. Classical conservatives are skeptical of change and generally seek to maintain the status quo. The concept of conservatism has many branches, and indeed some branches of conservatism may appear vastly different from the values presented in classical writings on political philosophy. For example, a person
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A patriot is a person who loves their country. Patriots may feel a sense of duty and loyalty to their fellow countrymen, a willingness to defend it against its enemies, and a desire to see it succeed. Most countries aim to instill patriotism in their youths from a young age, often through education and exposure
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The rule of law essentially states that nobody is above the law, which treats everybody equally and impartially. It means that laws are created and enforced in such a way that even the highest government official is not above the law. Moreover, the law treats everybody equally, irrespective of one’s class, race, or religion. The
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A “vice” is a habit or behavior that is considered morally wrong or depraved according to societal norms. It is often also considered a social taboo. Vices tend to be related to lack of self-control and restraint. This can lead to harm to oneself or others. Examples of vices include dishonesty, greed, envy, and wrath.
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Values are fundamental beliefs or principles that guide our attitudes and actions. They serve as a guiding force in our lives, shaping our decision-making processes, behaviors, attitudes, choices, and our conceptions of fairness and justice. Values are developed from a range of sources, including our families, cultures, society, religion, and personal experiences. Scholars – and
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In sociology, values refer to the standards people use to assess desirability, goodness, and beauty. Sociologists acknowledge that values are culturally-defined and vary within and between cultures (Boudon, 2017). Because values emerge within cultural groups, we tend to study them as shared conceptions of what is considered good, desirable, and proper; or bad, undesirable, and
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Environmental injustice refers to situations where some people are negatively or disproportionately affected by human impacts on the environment. Substantial evidence demonstrates that negative human impacts on the environment disproportionately affect marginalized, minority, and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups (e.g. Chowkwanyun, 2023; Martinez-Alier et al., 2016; Timmons Roberts, Pellow & Mohai, 2018). For example, often poorer people
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Passive communication occurs when a person is avoidant, indirective, or non-assertive in how they communicate their needs, thoughts, feelings, and opinions. Passive communicators typically prioritize the needs and feelings of others above their own, often out of fear of conflict or rejection, a desire to please others, or a lack of self-esteem or confidence. Such
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Equality refers to situations where everyone is treated exactly the same, whereas equity refers to situations where people are given resources and support based upon their levels of need. Equality represents a ‘blind’ approach to the treatment of people in society. For example, in this model, a government might give everyone $5000 per year for
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