Prior knowledge refers to the information and skills a learner has already accumulated before entering a new educational endeavor. In the context of formal education, each grade level supplies students with knowledge and skills that they carry with them to the next stage. Prior knowledge theory is central to constructivist theory, which holds that learners

The progressive education philosophy emphasizes the development of the whole child: physical, emotional, and intellectual. Learning is based on the individual needs, abilities, and interests of the student. This leads to students being motivated and enthusiastic about learning. Progressive philosophy further emphasizes that instruction should be centered on learning by doing, problem-based, experiential, and involve

Instructional strategies are the building blocks of a good lesson. They are the tools and techniques that teachers use to help students to overcome obstacles to learning and reach higher levels of knowledge and understanding. Usually, teachers are required to list instructional strategies in a lesson plan or unit of work. By listing out your

Emergent curriculum is a philosophy of education that focuses on students’ interests, strengths, and needs. Teachers plan lessons based on their informed observations of their students and knowledge of child development theory and practice. This philosophy has roots in the writings of many respected scholars such as Vygotsky, Piaget, and Dewey. The premise is that

Te Whàriki is the New Zealand Early Childhood Education curriculum. It was developed in 1996 through collaboration between Indigenous and non-Indigenous educators. Its intention was to be a curriculum that embraces genuine multicultural education and is based upon Maori and Pasifika worldviews. This curriculum covers the education of children from birth to 5 years of

The practitioner-scholar model of education is a graduate-degree pedagogical model that is focused on the practical application of knowledge rather than research-based scientific analysis per se. Advanced degree graduate programs in clinical psychology and other specialty areas have two different major educational orientations: While the practitioner-scholar model is focused on practical skills training, the scientist-practitioner

The scientist-practitioner model is focused on providing extensive training to students in research and scientific methods. It is juxtaposed to the practitioner-scholar model. Graduate programs in clinical psychology have different educational orientations: Scientist-Practitioner Model Definition  In the scientist-practitioner model, students are trained to become producers of scientific knowledge, use scientifically valid methods and tools in