Research methodologies can roughly be categorized into three group: quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods. Below are research methodologies that fit into each category. Note from the Editor: Methodologies are not Methods. A methodology is a broad approach to data collection, whereas the methods are the exact tools used for data extraction. For example, ‘case study’ and […]
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Qualitative research is a research methodology that involves gathering non-numerical empirical data for in-depth and contextualized analysis. It is one of two main categories of research methodologies, the other being quantitative research. While quantitative research is effective in identifying trends and facts (the ‘what?’), qualitative studies attempt to understand underlying reasons why something might be
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Subjectivity refers to the idea that individuals’ perceptions and interpretations are based on their personal beliefs, biases, emotions, mental heuristics, and unique perspectives. Subjectivity is the opposite of objectivity, which refers to unbiased and universal facts derived through scientific analysis. Today, we generally understand that objectivity is extremely hard to achieve. Our everyday thoughts and
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A code of ethics, also known as a code of conduct, is a set of guiding principles that helps a company and its employees maintain a high standard of ethical behavior, integrity, and compliance with relevant laws and regulations. To write your code of ethics, you need to keep in mind a range of ethical
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Courage is the ability to face and overcome fear while prioritizing a greater objective, guided by personal values and a commitment to growth and the greater good. It is not the absence of fear, but rather the determination to act despite its presence. Courage manifests in various forms and contexts, from physical and moral to
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Black-and-white thinking is a cognitive distortion and mental heuristic characterized by viewing situations, people, or experiences in rigid, absolute terms. This all-or-nothing mindset leaves no room for nuance or complexity, often leading to oversimplified and inaccurate perceptions (i.e. binary thinking). While it can be comforting to come to one absolute yes/no or good/bad answer to
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Motivational interviewing is a therapeutic approach from counseling and psychology that aims to enhance a client’s intrinsic motivation. The four key principles of motivational interviewing are remembered through the acronym RULE (Haque & D’Souza, 2019): resist the righting reflect, understand the client’s motivations, lisen with empathy, and empower the client (explained later in this article).
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Performance goals refer to goals that are focused on a clearly-defined result or output, often known as a key performance indicator. In achievement goal theory, we often differentiate performance goals from development or mastery goals: Performance goals are regularly used when setting out a project, in workplace performance reviews, and in personal performance reviews. Examples
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Higher-order thinking questions are questions that you can ask in order to stimulate thinking that requires significant knowledge mastery and data manipulation. Generally, higher-order thinking involves thinking from the top 3 levels of bloom’s taxonomy: analysis, evaluation, and knowledge creation. The term “higher-order” is used because these forms of thinking require strong command of information
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Supranationalism refers to a union in which countries let go of some of their sovereignty to pursue shared goals. The prime example of supranationalism is the European Union. The union can directly exercise some of the powers and functions that are otherwise reserved for the states. While there are many other forms of international cooperation,
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