Compassion is when we feel sympathy for another person’s suffering and want to help. The term originates from the Latin word compati, which means “to suffer with”. There are two components of its meaning: the first is the feeling of sympathy, and the second is the motivation to relieve suffering. This is what makes it […]
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Construct validity is a type of validity that looks at whether a test is measuring what it is supposed to measure. The social sciences involve the study of many phenomena that cannot be directly observed, like emotional intelligence and self-esteem. You can’t put these abstract constructs on a scale and measure their weight! Researchers must
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Unconscious bias is an attitude, assumption, or belief that implicitly influences our thinking. We have these biases without actively thinking about them or even knowing we hold them. They are the opposite of conscious biases, which are biases we know we hold. Common examples of unconscious biases that humans hold include gender, race, and age-based
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The halo effect occurs when your judgment of one feature of a thing affects your overall impression of it. For example, you LOVE Italy and Italians even though you have only spent one week in Rome ten years ago (which happened to be really fun). Rather than making careful and deliberative evaluations of independent factors,
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The trait theory of leadership postulates that leaders are born with several personality characteristics that make them natural leaders. Individuals born with certain traits then engage in specific behaviors that make them leaders. According to trait theory, being a great leader cannot be learned. There are a set of attributes that great leaders are born
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Internal consistency reliability is a way to determine if all the questions on a survey, test, or personality scale are measuring the same thing. For example, if designing a test on geometry, then all questions on the test should be about geometry. There are two main ways to measure internal consistency. The first is by
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For as long as human beings have had the ability to communicate, people have been saying “I told you so.” The tendency to think that we can foresee events is pervasive. We like to think that we can predict what will happen, but when outcomes prove otherwise, we still cling to this false sense of
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Experimental design refers to a research methodology that allows researchers to test a hypothesis regarding the effects of an independent variable on a dependent variable. There are three types of experimental design: pre-experimental design, quasi-experimental design, and true experimental design. Experimental Design in a Nutshell A typical and simple experiment will look like the following:
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External validity refers to the degree to which the conclusions of a study can be generalized to other situations and populations. If the results of one very specific study can apply to other contexts and groups of people, then that study has external validity. This is a core concern in psychological research because so many
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The Great Man Theory of leadership postulates that great leaders are born, not made. Some people are just born with the personality characteristics that predispose them to have great leadership skills. According to this theory, it is not possible to teach people how to become great leaders. Because they are born with a very specific
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