Preoperational Stage Examples 1. Engaging in Symbolic Play Children in the preoperational stage use objects to represent other things while playing. For example, a child might use a stick as a sword or a block as a car (as shown in picture). This type of play shows their growing ability to think symbolically. It’s a […]
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School culture refers to the policies, interpersonal dynamics, attitudes, customs, and formal and informal rules of behavior within a school. School culture involves administrators, teachers, staff, and students. It has a tremendous impact on the functioning and effectiveness of the school. In many ways, the informal rules of behavior and the interpersonal dynamics of a
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Self-determination is when a person makes their own decisions regarding their life and how it is managed. Decisions are guided by internal factors such as internal motivation, internal locus of control, and personal drive. External factors and pressures do not affect those choices. There is also a theory of human motivation called self-determination theory postulated
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Co-curricular activities are activities that take place outside of a course’s curriculum but are related to academics in some way. Participation is voluntary and has no bearing on a student’s GPA or accumulation of academic credits. Examples include: sports teams, international and multicultural organizations, religious organizations, political organizations, academic organizations, Greek Life, and special interest
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A More Knowledgeable Other (MKO) is anyone that has greater ability than the learner and can act as a guide. The MKO has more experience and skill at performing a particular task, going through a particular process, or a deeper understanding of particular concepts. Examples of MKOs include: parents, teachers, coaches, and mentors. These individuals
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Direct instruction refers to an instructional approach that is teacher-centered. Lessons are structured and involve the teacher disseminating information to students in a unidirectional path. An example of direct instruction is the traditional lecture format in universities. The teacher lectures regarding a specific topic while students diligently take notes. Although this may be what most
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A learning experience is any experience a student has in which they learn something. They can be both intentional and unintentional and both in and outside of schools. Learning experiences can be structured, or unstructured, direct, or vicarious. They can come from listening to a lecture, reading, participating in an activity, or through observation. For
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10 Higher Order Conditioning Examples 1. PTSD Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may occur when an individual has experienced an extremely scary or dangerous event. That event initially triggers an automatic and very intense nervous system reaction called the fight-or-flight response. Most people recover from that initial event. However, sometimes sights and sounds that are similar
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Scaffolding is a teaching strategy that involves giving a student progressively more difficult learning tasks as the student progresses. The first task is relatively easy. When the student has mastered that task, then the teacher presents another task that is slightly more difficult. Scaffolding Theory in Education The concept of scaffolding builds upon Vygotsky’s concept
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The term helicopter parenting refers to a parenting style that is overprotective and over-involved. Just like a helicopter hovers, some parents are constantly hovering around their child, observing their every move. Examples of helicopter parenting include hovering over your child when they’re doing their homework, failing to trust them to do things independently, and interfering
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