Constructive criticism refers to providing feedback to a person or group that is delivered in a positive tone with the intent of helping others improve. Examples of constructive criticism include the sandwich method of feedback, using the 3×3 method, and ensuring you provide genuine suggestions for improvement. The distinguishing characteristic of constructive criticism is that: […]
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Collaborative learning occurs when learners work together to achieve an educational objective. This learning approach applies to classroom settings as well as workplace environments and training programs. Laal and Laal (2012) offer a succinct definition: “Collaborative learning is an educational approach to teaching and learning that involves groups of learners working together to solve a
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Procedural memory refers to memory for how to do things. It is often juxtaposed to declarative memory which is another type of long-term memory that refers to the memory of facts. Examples of procedural memory include remembering how to cook your favorite recipe or knowing the steps for how to turn on a tractor. It
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Semantic memory refers to the long-term storage of facts and is a form of declarative memory. Examples of semantic memory include remembering definitions of concepts, historical dates, and the names of people, places, and things. Theoretically, semantic memory has unlimited capacity. However, memory does decay over time and is also subject to various kinds of
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Episodic memory refers to the long-term storage of information regarding experiences. Examples of episodic memories include information about past events and activities, such as what happened, how we felt, or who said what to whom. Episodic memory is part of declarative memory (aka explicit memory), which also consists of semantic memory (memory for facts). Episodic
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Declarative memory is the term used for the long-term storage of facts and events. It is one type of long-term memory, the other being procedural memory. Retrieving information from declarative memory requires conscious intention and mental effort. Examples of declarative memory include memorizing classification systems, people’s birthdays, or phone numbers. Types of Declarative Memory Declarative
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Implicit memory is a type of long-term memory that refers to information that is remembered unconsciously and without effort. Even though it is retrieved without intention, implicit memory can still affect behavior. Examples of Implicit memory include information for how to carry out tasks such as typing or riding a bike. When a person performs
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Prior knowledge refers to the information and skills a learner has already accumulated before entering a new educational endeavor. In the context of formal education, each grade level supplies students with knowledge and skills that they carry with them to the next stage. Prior knowledge theory is central to constructivist theory, which holds that learners
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The progressive education philosophy emphasizes the development of the whole child: physical, emotional, and intellectual. Learning is based on the individual needs, abilities, and interests of the student. This leads to students being motivated and enthusiastic about learning. Progressive philosophy further emphasizes that instruction should be centered on learning by doing, problem-based, experiential, and involve
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Emergent curriculum is a philosophy of education that focuses on students’ interests, strengths, and needs. Teachers plan lessons based on their informed observations of their students and knowledge of child development theory and practice. This philosophy has roots in the writings of many respected scholars such as Vygotsky, Piaget, and Dewey. The premise is that
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