Natural consequences are the logical outcomes or results of a person’s actions and do not require human intervention to occur. A natural consequence example is when you fail to follow safety rules and subsequently get injured as a result. We might colloquially call this “getting your comeuppance” or “just deserts”. When raising children, we often […]
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A parasocial relationship is a unidirectional, imaginary relationship between a media user and a media personality. Fans imagine they have a close connection to the personality even though the personality has never met them. This connection is often fostered through exposure to their persona, image, and life events via media, such as television, social media,
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In psychology, extinction refers to the gradual weakening and eventual disappearance of a learned behavior. In other words, the response has ‘gone extinct’ like the dinosaurs! Extinction tends to occur when a behavior that was learned is no longer reinforced or rewarded. However, can also occur if a person becomes desensitized to rewards. Another common
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Social loafing is when a person exerts less effort on a task because others are also involved in that task. There is an inverse relationship between an individual’s effort and the number of people involved. This is regularly observed in groupwork both in the workplace and education. When team members recognize that they can ‘slide
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Generalized reciprocity is when a person provides goods or services to another person without the expectation of an immediate return. Although there may be an expectation of reciprocation, not always, and if there is, no set timeframe is in place. In some situations, the gesture is considered an act of charity.There is no expectation of
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The idea of behavior modeling has its roots in social learning theory. This theory holds that children learn through observation. As a result, parents and teachers should model appropriate behavior at all times when children are observing them. Modeling can, however, also be used in explicit instruction to help people learn concepts. For example, teachers
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An educational goal is an objective a person hopes to meet regarding their education. Every student, no matter the grade level, should establish a set of educational goals. This is especially important for university students because they are fast approaching the point of entering the job market and embarking on a career; hopefully a long
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Balanced reciprocity occurs when two people exchange goods, services, assistance, or favors that are more or less of equal value. The complete exchange does not have to occur immediately, but there is an expectation of reciprocity within a reasonable period of time. Human beings are very good at monitoring the exchange of resources and evaluating
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Negative reciprocity occurs when one person gets more out of an exchange than the other. One individual clearly benefits more and the other gives more. Exchanges can involve favors, goods, services, or more. In most social relations, there is a norm of reciprocity that stipulates that both parties in an interaction or relationship should benefit
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In psychology, priming refers to instances where exposure to one stimulus affects a subsequent response to a second stimulus. Priming can occur outside conscious awareness and can affect not only cognitive processing but also behavior. Meyer and Schvaneveldt (1971) were among the first researchers to discover this phenomenon. In their research, the word “nurse” was
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