Self-regulation is the ability to control one’s emotions and behavior. That can include being able to control our thoughts, impulses, and even instinctual drives like our appetite and sexual urges. When faced with a stressful situation, or one that could make us angry, some people are able to convert their initial reaction into a more […]
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Overt behaviors are actions which are visible and can be seen directly, such as physical movements and verbal statements. Psychologists can compare behaviors in two broad buckets: overt and covert. Covert behaviors are hidden actions and processes that occur inside the mind and cannot be directly observed by others. Overt behaviors are visible and measurable.
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Covert behaviors are actions that cannot be observed directly. A covert behavior can only be inferred by an observer or reported by the person under study. Psychologists can compare behaviors in two broad buckets: overt and covert. Covert behaviors are hidden actions and processes that occur inside the mind and cannot be directly observed by
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Counterconditioning is a therapeutic technique that replaces an undesired response or behavior with a more positive or desired response through principles of behavioral conditioning. It is primarily based on the principles of classical conditioning (Pavlov, 1927). Counterconditioning is often used in systematic desensitization in the treatment of phobias and anxiety, in aversion therapy to reduce
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Contingent reinforcement is when a positive stimulus is provided following a specific desired behavior. For example, a contingent reinforcement for doing your chores is receiving pocket money. In some cases, it can also mean the removal of an aversive stimulus following a specific behavior (causing a sensation of relief). The intention is to make it
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Examples of Observational Learning 1. The Bobo Dolls Experiment Dr. Albert Bandura conducted one of the most influential studies in psychology in the 1960s at Stanford University. His intention was to demonstrate that cognitive processes play a fundamental role in learning. At the time, Behaviorism was the predominant theoretical perspective, which completely rejected all inferences
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Psychodynamic Theory Examples Below are some examples of psychodynamic theory as applied to specific behaviors or situations in everyday life. 1. Compulsive Hand-Washing as Unconscious Fear of the Unseen A psychodynamic approach to understanding compulsive hand-washing would be to look for early childhood trauma associated with uncleanliness or fear of the unseen. 2. Lack of
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Tactile learning is learning by touching and using the hands. Tactile learning involves touching, holding, poking, and squeezing learning materials. It gives students an opportunity to directly manipulate objects in a lesson which gives them a more dynamic, more enriched understanding. Some students prefer to learn through touch. They have a tactile learning style. It
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Visual learning refers to the process of coming to understand information by seeing it – often, represented in graphs or films. Teachers that utilize visual learning strategies present information in various visual formats such as: flowcharts, diagrams, videos, simulations, graphs, cartoons, coloring books, PPT slide shows, posters, movies, games, and flash cards. Human beings are
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Vicarious learning is a type of vicarious conditioning where learning occurs through the experience of others. You learn indirectly rather than personally experiencing something. It is a central component of social learning theory proposed by Albert Bandura (1977). People learn a great deal by observing the experiences of others, including parents, siblings, friends, neighbors, teachers,
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