Spatial intelligence (SI) refers to the ability to mentally manipulate objects in a three-dimensional space. In includes the ability to imagine a given object in different locations and positions in that space and visualize it from different angles. Visual-spatial intelligence is one of the 8 types of intelligences in Gardner’s (1983) theory of multiple intelligences. […]
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Kohlberg’s Postconventional Morality Examples 1. Rosa Parks Refusing to Move on the Bus Rosa Parks stood up for what she saw as universal moral principles despite the fact society around her disagreed. She had reached the level of postconventional morality. On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks was riding a city bus in Montgomery Alabama. The
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Conventional Morality Examples 1. Being the Teacher’s Pet Obtaining the approval of role models is an essential concern in the conventional morality stage. This can be readily observed in many middle school classrooms as some students strive to win the approval of their favorite teacher. Offering to help at every opportunity or reminding the teacher
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Kohlberg’s Preconventional Morality Examples 1. Not Leaving the Classroom A child in a kindergarten is told by their teacher that students are not allowed to leave the room. If they do so, there will be a punishment, such as not being able to play during recess or having a black mark put next to their
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Lawrence Kohlberg devised a theory of moral development which postulates that moral reasoning passes through six stages from early childhood to adulthood. Kohlberg’s stages are sorted into three discontinuous levels: preconventional morality, conventional morality, and post-conventional morality. Each stage involves a more advanced level of reasoning that coincides with cognitive development and life experiences. Kohlberg’s
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The misinformation effect describes how a person’s memory of an event is impacted by new information that has been introduced after the event has occurred. Elizabeth Loftus is an American psychologist that’s known primarily for her work on the misinformation effect and is largely attributed with having pioneered the concept. The misinformation effect is concerned
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Sociological imagination refers to a way of seeing the world which transcends the individual and takes a sociological view of the world. In simple terms, we can think of it as stepping back and looking at the larger picture. Or when we ask someone to look at things “in context of” something, we are, in
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Visionary leadership is being able to see the big-picture that others cannot. They are able to grasp the trajectory of trends before others and understand the value of moving in that direction. Most industries in the 21st century are both the benefactors and victims of change. The speed of innovation and technological advancement is unprecedented
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An adaptive leadership style is flexible and best suited to handle unexpected challenges and circumstances. The style is problem-oriented and able to respond to fundamental changes in an organization or a fluid situation by making bold but necessary decisions. Modern industry is fast-moving. Businesses must be responsive to changing market parameters, consumer preferences, disruptive technologies,
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The contingency theory of leadership postulates that the success or failure of a leadership style is dependent on the match between the situation, workers, and the leader. When the specific characteristics of the leader are well-suited to the task and personnel, success is likely. However, if there is a mismatch between these components, failure is
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