A negative correlation is a relationship between two variables in which one variable decreases as the other increases. As a negative correlation example from psychology, one might observe a negative correlation between happiness and the number of hours worked; that is, as working time increases, contentment diminishes. From poverty and life expectancy to crime rates […]
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When two variables in a data set are connected, it’s known as positive correlation. Such analysis determines how an increase or decrease of one factor results in the same alteration for another variable – be it rising or falling. When there is a positive correlation between two variables, an increase in one variable is associated
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The internet is a technological innovation that brings a lot of advantages and disadvantages to society because of how much it facilitates fast, easy communication. Benefits include access to information, broader social circles, and convenience with meeting needs for work and home. But digital media can be harmful when they damage the health of users
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Urbanization refers to the growth of urban city living and the movement of populations from rural to urban areas. It results in a larger proportion of people living in urban areas compared to rural areas. The key effects of urbanization have included social change, a shifting economy, and environmental degradation. During the industrial revolution, mass
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Indoctrination is the process of teaching or re-educating someone into unquestioningly accepting certain beliefs or values. It occurs when a person is repeatedly exposed – either voluntarily or forcibly – to a set of ideas or ideology, taught through rote learning rather than critical analysis, or not presented competing perspectives (Taylor, 2017). The goal of
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Debriefing refers to the procedure for revealing the true purpose of a psychological study to a research participant at the conclusion of a research session. In order to examine authentic behavior, it is sometimes necessary to tell participants that the study is about one subject, when in fact it is about something else. This is
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Encoding refers to the processing and making meaning of raw inputs of information in the mind. It occurs through each sensory modality and is a necessary step for the brain to process information in working memory or commit to long-term storage. Encoding frequently occurs throughout our lives, but some obvious examples of encoding include when
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A Freudian slip is when a person is speaking and suddenly a word they did not intend to say aloud accidently slips out. Freud believed that these “slips of the tongue” (parapraxis), reveal the person’s inner thoughts and feelings or the impulses of the id. In some cases, they may reveal content of the individual’s
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Shaping is a technique that involves rewarding successive approximations to a goal behavior and/or phasing out a target behavior deemed to be undesirable. When the person or animal exhibits a behavior that is similar to the goal behavior, it is rewarded. This process is repeated as the behavior exhibited gets closer and closer to the
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According to functionalism in sociology, society is interwoven like a complex web. It is comprised of different institutions. Each institution fulfills a specific role that keeps society as a whole functional. In sociology, functionalism examines the means by which a multitude of social structures (e.g. economic conditions, family relationships, religious practices, media outlets, etc.) fulfill
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