The term ‘natural rights’ is used to refer to those rights that belong to human beings due to their nature. Such rights do not depend on the laws or customs of any particular culture or government. They are meant to be universal, fundamental, and inalienable. These types of rights have been indirectly written about since […]
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Ethics in psychology refers to the moral principles and values that guide the behavior of psychologists while conducting research or providing therapy to clients. Put simply, it involves making sure that psychologists always act responsibly and professionally. For example, ethical guidelines dictate that psychologists must obtain informed consent from their research participants before conducting any
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Being culturally competent means having the skillset necessary to communicate with people from diverse cultural backgrounds effectively. It entails combining knowledge, attitudes, and skills so that you can appreciate cultural attitudes, norms, expectations, and needs. This will allow you to operate proficiently within multiethnic communities. An example of cultural competence is a doctor who has
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Reciprocity is a social exchange principle that involves the giving and receiving of benefits or actions between individuals. It refers to the idea that people tend to respond positively to kind gestures, favors, or gifts by returning the same level of behavior toward others. For example, imagine your colleague bringing snacks for everyone in the
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A social movement is any movement that uses the collective effort of a group of people to achieve a common political/social goal. For example, the civil rights movement in the United States aimed to end discrimination against African Americans and create an equal society. The goals of a social movement can be as narrow as
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Ethos is one part of the so-called rhetorical triangle. In Aristotle’s Rhetoric, Ethos refers to a technical means of persuasion that has to do with the credibility of the persuader. Aristotle claims that there are three technical means of persuasion: “Now the proofs furnished by the speech are of three kinds. The first depends upon
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Logos is a rhetorical device that uses logic, reasoning, and factual evidence to support an argument or persuade an audience. Logos refers to one of the three main technical means of persuasion in rhetoric. According to Aristotle, it is the means that has to do with the arguments themselves. Aristotle claims that there are three
Pathos is a rhetorical device that stirs emotions such as pity, sadness, or sympathy in the audience. Pathos refers to one corner of the rhetorical triangle, which means that it is one of the three main technical means of persuasion. Aristotle claims that there are three technical means of persuasion: “Now the proofs furnished by
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Upward social comparison is the tendency to compare ourselves with those perceived to be better off than us. For example, when we see a colleague working hard and managing all their tasks effectively, we might be inspired to do the same. Social comparison is a universal phenomenon that is primarily done for self-evaluation, and the
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Downward social comparison occurs when people compare themselves with those (seemingly) worse off than them. For example, when a student performs poorly on a test, he may compare himself to someone who has failed, finding some relief. Downward social comparison can help us enhance our self-esteem and boost our confidence in various scenarios. However, it
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