The pros of universal health care include fewer overhead costs, wider access, greater standardization, and less anxiety around the financial impact for individuals. The cons of such a system include the potential for an unnecessarily large bureaucracy, possible brain drain of medical professionals heading overseas for higher pay, critical quality of care issues in cases […]
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Collectivism refers to a situation where group values have priority over individual values. When this happens, group values function as guidance and evaluation criteria for personal achievements and actions. Types of subgroup settings that practice collectivism include: In collectivist cultures, individuals make their actions compatible with group values. Thus leads to harmonious group behaviors that
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Unions can benefit workers by creating the opportunity for collective bargaining, which gives them better outcomes in negotiations. This often benefits employers too through increased productivity. But unions can be harmful when they disincentivize exceptional individuals, get mired in bureaucracy or corruption, or create market distortions that lead to job losses. In this article, we
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Dance’s helical model views communication as: (1) Cyclical, (2) Influenced by time and experience, (3) Continuous, (4) Non-Repetitive, and (5) Accumulative.
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Public goods are things that we all share and consume. They cannot be taken away from anyone. They’re things that are available, free at the point of use, to everybody. They can be both natural goods (like air) and man-made services (like the fire service). Some other examples of public goods are: Public goods are
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Social injustice occurs whenever people are treated unfairly. Its effects can last a lifetime. It limits people’s access to opportunities and can force them into poverty and even illness. Levy and Sidel (2006, p. 6) provide a good scholarly definition: “[Social injustice is] the denial or violation of economic, sociocultural, political, civil, or human rights
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Gerrymandering is the political tactic of redrawing electoral districts in order to unfairly favor one party or group of people over others. It has the effect of disenfranchising certain sections of the population and undermining democracy. It can lead to parliaments that clearly do not represent the people and even sustain the power of a
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Institutional discrimination refers to policies and practices that favor a dominant group and are discriminatory and unfavorable towards a subordinate group. These policies and practices are embedded in the structure of society in the form of laws, norms, policies or procedures. Institutional discrimination happens on the basis of race, ethnicity, nationality, age, gender, religion, socio-economic
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Prejudice comes from the term ‘to pre-judge’. In other words, it means that you are making judgments about people before you really get to know them. Usually, prejudice is based on stereotypes and generalizations we have about groups of people (see: outgroup homogeneity effect). For example, we can irrationally think negative thoughts about someone based
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According to Knapp’s relationship model, the Initiating stage of a relationship is the stage where two people form their first impressions of one another. Knapp’s model has ten stages, with the initiating stage being the first one. It is also the first stage in the five-stage “coming together phase.” In the first stage, the two
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