Overgeneralization is a cognitive distortion that involves making broad assumptions about a nuanced topic. It is closely related to the hasty generalization fallacy. This type of thinking is based on a person’s inaccurate belief system that is often a result of personal bias, narrowmindedness, or lack of experience (Chambless, 2002). An example of overgeneralization is […]
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A gender stereotype is a preconceived notion of someone based upon their gender. They often lead to prejudices and biases that unfairly change how you perceive and interact with people. We can usually dissect the below gender stereotype examples across four types of stereotypes: Below are a range of feminine and masculine stereotypes that still
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Ingroup bias is the tendency to favor individuals that are in the same group as ourselves. We sometimes also call this the affinity bias. In-groups can be formed on a wide range of attributes, including gender, race, ethnicity, age, neighborhood, geographic region, religion, nationality, or sports team (just to name a few). One of the
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Autoethnography is a research method that combines ethnography and autobiography. It involves studying oneself by using research methods and theory to reflect on personal narratives. Feature Definition Methods Autobiography The development of one’s own narrative about their life, identity, past, and present. – Journalling about oneself. – Writing down memories and personal reactions to those
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Qualitative research is a research methodology that involves gathering non-numerical empirical data for in-depth and contextualized analysis. It is one of two main categories of research methodologies, the other being quantitative research. While quantitative research is effective in identifying trends and facts (the ‘what?’), qualitative studies attempt to understand underlying reasons why something might be
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Communication can be separated into many different categories or ‘types’. Generally, we categorize it into the four main mediums of communication: verbal, nonverbal, written, and visual. However, we can also look at other ways to distil communication into categories, such as: informal vs formal, synchronous vs asynchronous, and intrapersonal vs interpersonal. Below, each of the
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There are various approaches to learning, categorized into several taxonomies. These taxonomies split the forms of learning along vectors such as space (distance vs in-person), learning style (visual/auditory/kinesthetic), and person focus (teacher-centered vs student-centered). Below is an A to Z list of the different forms of learning, followed by an outline of the types within
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Transitivity, sometimes referred to as transitive inference, is the ability to understand the relational properties between objects or concepts. For instance, if a German Shepherd is a dog, and a dog is a mammal, then a German Shepherd must be a mammal. Transitivity is a concept from Piaget’s theory of cognitive development. According to Piaget,
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Emotional development refers to a person’s improving ability to recognize, regulate, and express their feelings. This ability is largely affected by a child’s social interactions with parents, siblings, and others in their lives as they grow. There are several frameworks for emotional development milestones. Two key frameworks are: According to both theories, children develop emotional
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A behavioral objective is a clear, specific, and measurable statement of what a learner is expected to achieve at the end of a unit of work. It describes the desired outcome in terms of the learner’s behavior, specifying the knowledge, skills, or attitudes that the learner should acquire. When writing a curriculum, educators need to
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