Push factors are social, cultural, environmental, and political factors that cause people to migrate away from their homeland. In human geography, we generally contrast push factors with pull factors. Whereas push factors are the factors that cause someone to leave, pull factors are the factors that attract someone to a new destination. When push factors […]
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A dictatorship is an authoritarian style of government in which one leader has complete control over the country. Often, dictators come to power through military coups or by undermining democracy. Once in power, the dictators will use fear and violence to stay in office and suppress any opposition. They generally aim to control the media
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A pull factor is a force that attracts migrants toward a particular destination. In the context of human geography studies, pull factors are often seen as being opposed to push factors which are forces that drive individuals away from their current location. Common examples of pull factors include the climate, natural resources, economic opportunities, and
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Autocracy and dictatorship are both political systems that concentrate power in the hands of an individual or a small group. The terms are generally interchangeable. One small difference between autocracy and dictatorship is that in an autocracy, generally there are institutions, traditions, or norms that restrain the ruler(s) in one way or another. Nevertheless, this
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A woke person is someone who is alert to racial or gendered prejudice in society. For example, a white person who speaks up against white privilege might be considered woke. On the political left, it is a positive term. A person who is “awake” (or aware) of systemic identity-based hierarchies is seen as a good
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Populism is a type of ideology that believes society to be divided into the ‘people’ and the ‘elite’. The people are seen as purely good and the elite as purely corrupt. Politics should therefore be about making sure that the will of the people triumphs over the elite. Unlike most ideologies, populism is ‘thin-centred’, meaning
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Examples of social forces include moral panics, patriarchy, cultural norms, traditions, and mass media. Social forces influence individual and social processes that contribute to social stability and social change. Recognizing and studying social forces are important components of macro-sociology. Macro-sociology explains individual choice and action through the impact of social forces. Individual choices do not
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A minority group is a distinct group of people in society – identifiable by common traits – who lack the collective numbers to sufficiently be protected from discrimination from society’s dominant groups. In sociology, the most commonly cited definition comes from Wirth (1945), who defined minority groups as: “…a group of people who, because of
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A bias is a distortion of judgment that relies on a factor other than logic in coming to conclusions. Biases may occur either due to fallacies (i.e. logical errors in thinking) or heuristics (where you take a shortcut in your mind to get to the conclusion without thinking things through). Biases can lead to sub-optimal
The constructivist learning theory explains that we learn by ‘constructing’ knowledge in our minds. Constructivism argues that learners have an active role in thinking things through, mulling them over, and coming to conclusions based on logic and critical thinking. We also build on our prior knowledge, like a builder constructing (and sometimes deconstructing) his skyscraper.
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