Chris Drew (PhD)

Dr. Chris Drew is the founder of the Helpful Professor. He holds a PhD in education and has published over 20 articles in scholarly journals. He is the former editor of the Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education. [Image Descriptor: Photo of Chris]

25 Communication Styles Examples

Communication styles refer to the methods and ways individuals use to interact with one another. It encapsulates the patterns and structures of both verbal and non-verbal communication, including the type of language used, the tone of voice, and even body language (Watson & Hill, 2015). A range of communication styles exists (Long, Johnson, MacDonald, Bader,

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101 Cultural Factors Examples

Cultural factors refer to the set of values, ideologies, belief systems, norms, and practices that are learned and shared among members of a group or society. These factors shape people’s behaviors, perceptions, decisions, and interactions with others (Calhoun, 2002). We can use these factors to get a better understanding of cultural groups, individual and collective

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25 Intuition Examples

Intuition is an instantaneous understanding or recognition of something, without the conscious use of reasoning or analytic abilities. This may come in the form of a sudden inkling, an instinctive reaction, or a “gut feeling” about a particular situation or decision. For example, in a chess game, a player might instantly know the best move

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10 Stratified Sampling Examples

Stratified sampling is a sampling method in scientific research that involves ensuring your sample group has fair representation of sub-groups (strata) of a population you’re studying. To do this, you ensure each sub-group of the population is proportionately represented in the sample group. For example, if you have a population of 50,000 people in a

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16 Selection Bias Examples

Selection bias occurs when the sample being studied is not representative of the population from which the sample was drawn, leading to skewed or misleading results (Walliman, 2021). In these situations, the sample under study deviates from a fair, random, and equitable selection process. This influences the outcomes and interpretations of a research study. A

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101 Folklore Examples

Folklore encapsulates the traditional beliefs, customs, and stories of a community, passed through generations via word of mouth. Recognizable through varied forms such as tales, proverbs, riddles, dances, and dramas, its essence lies in its root of being shaped by the collective memory and experiences of a people over time (Ben-Amos & Goldstein, 2013). Central

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38 Risk Factor Examples

In psychology, risk factors are the aspects or conditions that significantly increase the probability of developing a mental health disorder (Bem & De Jong, 2013). A well-known example is chronic stress—a psychological risk factor—which elevates the probability of suffering from anxiety disorders (Hewstone & Stroebe, 2020). Risk factors do not exist in a vacuum. They

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38 Protective Factors Examples

Protective factors pertain to characteristics, conditions, or behaviors that mitigate or reduce the risk of negative outcomes and enhance the ability of individuals to face adversity and challenges (Crisp & Turner, 2020). Protective factors serve a critical role in promoting mental health and well-being. These elements are not just personal attributes. The environment plays a

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