Informal norms are the unwritten rules that govern social behavior. They are passed down from one generation to the next and are often based on cultural traditions. While they are not written into law, they are still important in shaping our social interactions. They are often juxtaposed with another type of norm called formal norms. […]
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A mixed economy is an economic system in which both the private sector and the public sector play a role in the production and distribution of goods and services. Mixed economies have some combination of government-owned enterprises (such as healthcare, education, and infrastructure) and private enterprises (such as manufacturing, agriculture, and retail businesses). This economic
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Traditional authority is a type of authority that relies on cultural norms and practices for its legitimacy. Examples of traditional authority include monarchies, the patriarchy, religion, and caste systems. In sociology, there are three types of authority that were conceptualized by Max Weber. These are charismatic, traditional, and rational-legal. Each type is based on different
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A traditional economy is an economic system where economic decisions are based on customs and traditions. It is the opposite of a capitalist mixed economy which is primarily driven by exploitation and profit motives. It is also different to command economies as it is not controlled and managed by a central government. Traditional economies are
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Social media are platforms that allow users to create and share content and engage in social networking. Content that is shared within networks can include text, images, videos, and audio. Popular examples of social media platforms include Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, and Instagram. The rise of social media signaled a dramatic shift in global communication. Whereas
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Material culture refers to the physical objects that are a meaningful part of a culture. It includes anything from buildings and tools to clothes and art. It can be divided into two categories: movable and immovable. Movable objects are those that can be easily transported, such as furniture and clothing. Immovable objects are those that
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Charismatic authority is a type of authority that is based on the personal attributes of an individual leader, such as heroism, leadership qualities, and having a dynamic personality, which make the individual appear superhuman to their followers. According to Weber, charismatic authority is the simplest and most primitive form of authority. Its only appeal is
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A consequent boundary is a political boundary that has been established as a consequence of a political settlement between two opposing cultural, ethnic, or political groups. Commonly, consequent boundaries are established to settle wars or prevent conflict between the two groups. They’re also sometimes called ethnographic boundaries because they often separate ethnic groups. They are
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A geometric boundary is a political boundary that takes on a clear and neat geometric shape. The benefit of geometric boundaries is that they are easy to mark on a map and easy to understand. However, they’re often criticized for failing to acknowledge the pre-existing ethnic and cultural divides between people who live on either
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A constitutional monarchy is a form of government in which a hereditary monarch—a king or queen—serves as the head of state, but political power is also constitutionally granted to a body such as a legislature or representative council. There are 38 constitutional monarchies in existence today split into two types: parliamentary and semi-constitutional. Parliamentary constitutional
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