The post hoc ergo propter hoc fallacy assumes a causal relationship between two events or states based on chronological succession. It is a type of non sequitur. According to such reasoning, if event B follows event A, then A caused B. However, of course, chronology doesn’t imply causation. If something comes after something else, it […]
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Threshold concepts are a pivotal ideas that allow students to make sense of acquired information so they can then advance to a higher level of understanding. Once a threshold concept is understood, students move off a learning plateau and experience rapid learning development. Scholars Meyer and Land (2003) created the framework from their observations of
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Feminism broadly refers to the theories and movements for women’s rights and liberation. Feminists argue that the modern society favors men’s perspectives and interests, therefore treating women and girls unfairly. The feminist movement can be divided into four waves, starting with the first wave in the nineteenth century and evolving into the forth wave in
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Primary groups refer to social groups that are characterized by intimate, face-to-face, and continuous relationships. They usually have strong importance in an individual’s social life. Furthermore, our belonging to primary groups and our association with their members often shape our core social identity. Examples of primary groups include your close family, close friends, cousins, and
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Microsociology is a subset of sociology. The word means “small-scale” sociology. It is a theory that explores individuals and their daily relationships. It also analyses the behavior of small groups and the and interactions between small groups. It is based on subjective interpretative analysis rather than statistical or factual observation. Microsociology is a valuable analytical
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Macrosociology is a sub-field of sociology. “Macro” means “large”; thus, the term describes the analysis of large-scale social phenomena. Macrosociologists study larger organizations, communities, and societies that individuals live in such as: People who study macrosociology are interested in large-scale social structures and social forces that organize and stabilize or rupture and divide individuals and
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Examples of total institutions include prisons, boarding schools, work camps, re-education camps, monasteries, and nursing homes. According to sociologist Erving Goffman (1961): A total institution may be defined as a place of residence and work where a large number of like-situated individuals, cut off from the wider society for an appreciable period of time, together
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A cultural trait is a distinct aspect of a cultural group. Most cultures have unique traits that distinguish and define the culture. Examples include the culture’s fashion, accent, rituals, and architecture. Cultural traits are categorized into two types: Using cultural traits in various combinations, people build traditions and a common sense of cultural identity. The
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Social responsibility is when a person or organization takes action that will benefit others or society. That action can involve a simple gesture of kindness such as helping the elderly, or a grand gesture that involves moving to a third-world country to help the poor. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is another form of social responsibility
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Authoritarian parenting refers to a type of raising children where the parent is highly demanding and has low responsiveness to the child’s emotional needs. They tend to be strict and instil fear in the child. One of the key aspects of authoritarian parenting is that the parents don’t feel the need to explain to their
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