Social Penetration Theory Examples 1. Neighbors Who Share a Love for Gardening 2. College Roommates Adjusting to Campus Life 3. Coworkers Bonding Over a New Project 4. Book Club Members Discovering Shared Interests 5. Gym Buddies Motivating Each Other 6. Parents Meeting at a School Event 7. Travelers Meeting on a Group Tour 8. Volunteers […]
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Fixed Ratio Schedule Examples 1. Pay Per Piece Workers on an apple farm are paid for every basket of apples they pick. This means their earnings directly depend on their productivity, encouraging them to work efficiently. The more baskets they pick, the more money they make, illustrating a fixed ratio schedule. 2. Rewards for your
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Sensorimotor Stage Examples 1. Reflexes (eg Suckling, Grasping and Rooting Reflexes) Newborns exhibit reflex actions such as sucking (the famous suckling reflex), grasping, and rooting. These are automatic responses we’re born with. For example, when a baby’s cheek is stroked, they will turn their head toward the touch and begin sucking. These reflexes are crucial
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Examples of Unconditioned Stimulus 1. Tickling (Leads to Giggling) Stimulus: TicklingResponse: Giggling When someone tickles us, we usually respond with what feels like uncontrollable giggling. Research has also shown that tickling might even be good for our physical health. It certainly is good for our emotional health. Using the classical conditioning theory of psychology, the
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Conditioned Stimulus Examples 1. The Recess Bell Stimulus: The recess bellResponse: Students can leave class In school, the recess bell means freedom. As soon as it rings it means the kids can escape the classroom and run around like wild animals on the playground. So much fun. Not only is the recess bell the sound
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Positive punishment refers to delivering an aversive stimulus following an unwanted target behavior. The purpose of positive punishment is to decrease the chances of that target behavior occurring again. The term positive is a bit misleading. Positive punishment is not a pleasant experience at all. The term positive is used because it refers to the
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Dissociation involves a separation of conscious awareness with current sensations, feelings, memories, and thoughts. It exists on a continuum from normal to dysfunctional. At one end of the continuum, it is a harmless state that happens to most people, such as “zoning out” while daydreaming. On the other end, dissociation can be a coping mechanism
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Perception checking refers to finding out if your perception of someone’s behavior is accurate. It is an essential skill in effective communication in both professional and personal contexts because it can help clear-up miscommunication and misunderstandings that arise due to humans’ natural selective perception tendencies. People are not always the best communicators of their thoughts
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The six types of society in sociology are hunter-gatherer, pastoral, horticultural, agricultural, industrial, and post-industrial. These societies are listed in what appears to be a logical linear order – from least to most advanced. However, this is only in regards to the progress of economies. Indeed, some societies considered pre-industrial may be considered more advanced
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Sunk costs are defined as expenses that have already been incurred and cannot be reversed or recovered. They are past investments of time, money, or resources that have already been spent and do not offer any future returns. Sunk costs are incurred due to decisions made in the past that cannot be changed by a
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