Latent Learning Examples 1. Becoming our parents A teenager observes their loving mother instructing him to clean his room. A few decades later, when she has a child of her own, she repeats those same instructions to her child. Despite never consciously deciding to follow his mother’s example, the routines and habits she witnessed became […]
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Sociocultural Theory Examples 1. Learning Collaboratively in the Classroom In a classroom setting, students might work in groups to solve problems or complete projects. For example, in a history class, students might be divided into groups to research different aspects of a historical event and then present their findings to the class. This collaborative approach
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Examples of Experiential Learning 1. Growing a Garden A lesson about polination or photosynthesis can be turned into an experiential learning experience if you have the students grow a garden themselves. Through the process of growing the garden, students may develop more of a passion for nature and ecological conservation than if they simply learned
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Zone of Proximal Development Examples 1. Graduating to a Higher Grade at School Vygotsky’s ZPD has been applied to educational settings more so than in any other domain. The teacher’s job is to identify each student’s level of ability, and then help them improve gradually, step by step, until they can master the task independently.
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Types of Intelligence 1. Visual-Spatial Spatial intelligence is that ability to think in three dimensions. It involves being good at seeing how objects fit in a physical space, as well as mental imagery and manipulation. For example, people with spatial intelligence are good at puzzles and seeing how pieces fit together. They may enjoy the
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Mastery Learning Definition and Overview John B. Carrol (1963) is famed for developing this model by highlighting that time is a central variable in learning, and teachers should not move on if students haven’t had enough time to master what they learned (Dunkleberger & Heikkinen, 1983). The key point that Carrol (1963) and later Benjamin
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Shallow Processing Examples 1. Repetition Repetition involves simply repeating information, like a phone number or a list of terms, without attempting to understand or relate to it. This method relies solely on verbal repetition without engaging with the material’s meaning. As a result, the information is unlikely to be retained for long or understood deeply.
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Definition of Cognitive Dissonance Theory Cognitive dissonance is an internal conflict that occurs in a person when their conflicting beliefs collide. According to Willingham (2014), cognitive dissonance “literally means having mental conflicts” (p. 151). Cognitive dissonance causes a feeling of tension: a person experiences unpleasant emotions such as anxiety, anger, shame, and guilt – and
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Vicarious punishment is the process of learning to avoid certain behaviors by observing others being punished for those behaviors. Examples of Vicarious Punishment 1. In the Classroom If a child sees another student being punished by the teacher for playing with a certain object, or leaving the classroom without permission, then that scenario is a
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Sublimation involves channeling unwanted or disturbing thoughts, impulses or desires into something positive and constructive. This is one of several defense mechanisms proposed by Sigmund Freud (1905/2000). Sublimation in Psychology Examples 1. The Gardener Individuals who experience stress or anxiety may find relief through gardening. By nurturing plants and creating beautiful landscapes, they channel their
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